The Cost Of College Is Becoming Outrageous - 1325 Words

The cost of college is becoming outrageous because they are rising tuition, trying to make their campus more appealing to the students that attend as well as incoming students, and government loans have astronomical interest rates. Students are having to come up with all of the money themselves. It is hurting the students after they graduate because they are in so much debt before they even start their career. Some students wonder if going to college is worth it or if finishing high school would be enough for them. The amount of debt students are accumulating by going to college makes others wonder if they want to start a career already thousands of dollars in debt. Going to college may seem like a no brainer for some, but others struggle with the thought of â€Å"being in the red† right out of college and trying to find a high paying job that will help them pay back their loans and borrowed money, especially in the economy now. Colleges are raising tuition for a variety of reasons. Some colleges think that spending millions and millions of dollars on recreational activities to make the college more appealing to students is worth raising the tuition, while others give their administration and college presidents a big salary. Because there are so many factors that go into a college tuition and fees, many students do not actually think about where all of their money is going. If students were to look at what is taking their money, they might think twice about going to thatShow MoreRelatedCauses Of Student Debt902 Words   |  4 Pagesincrease in student debt is caused by a combination of factors including rising tuition, decreases in government funding, the shift to student loans, and increases in the overall costs of college. Unsurprisingly, the cost of college tuition has skyrocketed in recent years, contributing to rising student debt. Rising tuition costs are making this debt problem extremely worse: â€Å"The average list price for tuition and fees has risen 114 percent, to $9,410 in inflation-adjusted dollars, over the past 20 years†Read MoreFinancial Aid : Scholarships Or Any Other Helpful Programs That May Be Affordable1014 Words   |  5 Pagesis to require school accreditors collect on how well colleges do their jobs. With every single dime college students are paying for their tuition, you will more likely think they will get a major education and be able to find a job after graduation but it s not always the case. Colleges are more focused about getting teens to come to their school and yes they are providing them with a valuable education. Colleges are starting to use college tuition to upgrade their school, instead of providingRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid945 Words   |  4 PagesThe word â€Å"college† is defined by Dictionay.com (2014) as â€Å"an indepdant institution of higher learning†. This definition is focused around education and the higher learning that individuals receive when they attend a college institution. It is not centered around, nor does it mention athletics. College athletes should not be paid a salary for their participation in college sports, the purpose of college is education and not athletics. A Student s Relationship To School And Athletics College athletesRead MoreChange In Education785 Words   |  4 Pagesdecades, the style in males and females changed drastically as well. Although people say change is good, some change might have virtuous intentions but they end up being severely detrimental. Colleges should not interfere with the constant flow of education by incorporating a distraction from learning; however, college officials should merely strive for their students to be comfortable not pampered. Louisiana State University installed a lazy river on their campus instead of revamping other importantRead MoreTuition on the Rise: A Cause of Turmoil1111 Words   |  5 PagesTuition on the Rise: A Cause of Turmoil Today colleges are growing more and more necessary for attaining a solid path towards a successful career, yet the rapidly increasing cost of tuition is driving students away from their dream of attending college, due to the preposterous amount of money that is now being demanded by colleges across the nation and world as a whole. It is sad to see students being turned away from a successful future due to the money-hungry nature of the universities that dotRead MoreGraduation Speech : High School Diploma891 Words   |  4 Pages Due to a lack of decent jobs, half of all college graduates are still relying on their parents financially when they are two years out of school. In the US the bottom 40 percent of income earners in the United States now collectively own less than 1 percent of the nation’s wealth, and College tuition has risen 10 times faster than the median family income. These are just a few issues that my generation, and more to come will face. My dream requires fair access to jobs and educational opportunitiesRead MoreRising College Tuition1114 Words   |  4 PagesTuition on the Rise: A Cause of Turmoil Today colleges are growing more and more necessary for attaining a solid path towards a successful career, yet the rapidly increasing cost of tuition is driving students away from their dream of attending college, due to the preposterous amount of money that is now being demanded by colleges across the nation and world as a whole. It is sad to see students being turned away from a successful future due to the money-hungry nature of the universities that dotRead MoreIncome Share Agreements ( Isa )1169 Words   |  5 PagesD. Income-Share Agreements (ISA) With student loan debt becoming increasingly worse year after year, new and potentially better avenues for students to finance a college education are emerging onto the market. In particular, income-share agreements (ISA) have appeared on the scene for a few years now, but not have attempted to modernize the way students pay for college. The big take away from ISA’s is the shift of financial risk from the student to the investor, unlike the traditional governmentRead MoreGreek Organizations And Hazing Rituals1342 Words   |  6 Pagesorganizations have their houses on campus. The controversy comes from these organizations getting away with the harmful actions and universities not taking action. Are these rituals ethical or not? Greek Organizations have been an influence of college life for many years. Typically there are two sections of the Greek System, social organizations and the profession organizations. Along with the parties and alcohol that is associated with Greek Organizations, they do many other more positive thingsRead MoreCelebrities Extravagant Spending Styles1297 Words   |  5 Pagesgiven to just rappers, actors, and sports players, but to individuals you have career achievement with a wide range of fan base. Celebrities, with their extravagant life and money, are able to spend lavishly and freely on anything they please. These outrageous spending habits, whether it’s what or how, celebrities’ use their money is ridiculous. Nonetheless I would change the way money is used my celebrities to better our economy and our people. Majority of the celebrities such as: rappers, singers

Essay on The Inevitable American Civil War - 1817 Words

The American civil war was completely inevitable. Though efforts had been made by the Republicans to stop the war, southerners were the major contributors to the war. Actions of the southerners were intended at starting a war. Though northerners did not intend to start the war, they could not void retaliating after attacks were launched by the confederates. The American civil war is one of the historic dark moments that are in the memory of the country was lasted for 4 years, between the years 1961-1965. The conflict that existed was between the north and the south states of the U.S. The conflict led to mass destruction of property and man lives were lost during the war. The war had a great impact in creating awareness in the U.S despite†¦show more content†¦The inevitability of the war was due to the following reasons: Disagreement between the North and the South on Slavery The most important and focal point of the war was slavery. In the 1800’s there existed the Free states and those states that were classified as slavery states. There existed major differences between these states over the authority of the government to halt and illegalize slavery. In the year 1860, presidential elections were in the U.S. The then presidential candidate of the Republican Party was completely against slavery in the U.S. On the other hand, the republicans were totally against the abolition and banning of slave trade in the U.S. Slaves were a contentious issue due to divided interests between them due to the role they played in the economies of the states that depended on the contribution of slave labor (James Michael, 25). Luckily or unluckily, Lincoln won the 1860 elections. The win meant that the agenda of abolishing slave trade in the U.S would be an automatic one but it did not come so easy, there was a battle ahead after Lincoln’s win that had to pay the cost for the anti-slavery campaign, the civil war. Before Lincoln was inaugurated as the next president of the U.S, the seven states of the south seceded to form what they referred to as the Confederate States of America. Other states from the north formed what they termed as union states. This move was termed as unconstitutional and inappropriateShow MoreRelatedWas The American Civil War An Inevitable?1390 Words   |  6 PagesSabrina Scovino Was the American Civil War an inevitable consequence of the American Revolution? The American Revolution marked significant changes in the political, social, and economic status of the Americans. For a long, time the lives of the Americans were darkened by the British colonial rule. The British government passed several intolerable Acts. For instance, the Massachusetts Government Act was a restriction to town meetings. As a result, the American opponents began collective actionsRead MoreThe American Civil War Was Inevitable1975 Words   |  8 Pagesitself cannot stand were the words of Abraham Lincoln in a republican convention on June 17,1858 in Illinois. The inevitable debate over slavery, popular sovereignty, the publishing of Uncle Toms Cabin, and Lincolns election would eventually have brothers versus brothers fighting each other in a bloody war. Religion, economics and the lost of power made the civil war an inevitable one. Popular sovereignty is the ideal that people could choose their laws such ideal Lewis Cass first broughtRead MoreWas the American Civil War Inevitable?2559 Words   |  11 PagesWas the American civil war inevitable? The civil war was inevitable, only however, after one key event; the cotton gin made the civil war inevitable. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 was the key element which enabled the south to have sufficient vested interest in their traditional lifestyle in order to feel the need to defend it at all costs even from their Northern countrymen. The core argument of this essay centres around the evidence which clearly defines their being in existence twoRead MoreInevitable or Avoidable: The American Civil War1877 Words   |  8 Pages The biggest war that ever happened was the Civil War. This was the most deadliest, and hurtful wars between the North and the South. This war lasted for four years straight from 1861 to 1865. So many events led up to this war which made it so brutal. I believe that the events that took place to start the civil war could have been easily avoided by just a little communication that they did not use around that time. I do not believe everything that hap pened in those four years should have happenedRead MoreThe American Civil War Was Inevitable Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War was inevitable in many reasons. The economic and industrial evolution was mainly in the North side of the United States while the South was just a cotton kingdom, Slave Empire. Also both were completely opposites of one another when it was about freeing the slaves or hiring more. With many debates there has to be sides that would be separated especially if the president has so much hate from the people. With that being said, since many want opposing ideas, the Civil War becomes muchRead MoreEssay on The American Civil War Was Inevitable1930 Words   |  8 PagesThe Civil War: one of the most pivotal and significant moments in the history of the United States of America. The dividing of a newly birthed nation upon itself - the turmoil created threatened to collapse a unified yearning for independence. A nation once united by the solace of solidar ity, once tread on by the tyranny of a motherland, once triumphant in a fight for freedom, became segregated by principle. Power and greed fueled a dichotomy between color and people which repercussions lingeredRead MoreThe American Civil War Was Inevitable Essay1653 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War between the North and South was the result of two cultures that economically, morally, and legally clashed on almost all levels. The steadily growing conflict between the two parts of the union makes it hard to pinpoint the origin or the cause of the resulting war. The conflict arose from a nation thats geographical areas had slowly grown apart in their ideals and also their source of income, which is often the cause of strife between battling regions. This rift driven between the twoRead MoreEssay about The American Civil War Was Inevitable1813 Words   |  8 PagesSouth is truly one of the most defining events in American history. Through numerous events leading up to the start of the Civil War, I will attempt to show how the United States was destined for conflict and that the Civil War was inevitable. The first way I will show how the war could not be avoided will deal with the issue of slavery. Slavery should be the first mentioned because many conflicts within the United States leading up to the Civil War and the division of the United States dealt withRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War960 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery even if it meant war caused peace in this nation. Slavery was the vital cause of the American Civil War. The north and the south both had their differences on how to run the country. People in the North believed in unity and that slavery should not exist because â€Å"all men are created equally.† On the other hand, the South believed in continuing slavery. People tried to talk it out and come to a middle ground after both sides compromising, however that didn’t work and caused war. Ideological differencesRead MoreSlav ery as the Cause of the American Civil War Essay1733 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Civil War was the bloodiest military conflict in American history leaving over 500 thousand dead and over 300 thousand wounded (Roark 543-543). One might ask, what caused such internal tension within the most powerful nation in the world? During the nineteenth century, America was an infant nation, but toppling the entire world with its social, political, and economic innovations. In addition, immigrants were migrating from their native land to live the American dream (Roark 405-407)

Women’s Rights Movement Free Essays

The Women’s Rights Movement Women’s Suffrage is a subject that could easily be considered a black mark on the history of the United States. The entire history of the right for women to vote takes many twists and turns but eventually turned out alright. This paper will take a look at some of these twists and turns along with some of the major figures involved in the  suffrage  movement. We will write a custom essay sample on Women’s Rights Movement or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first recorded instance in American history where a woman demanded the right to vote was in 1647. Margaret Brent, a property owner in Maryland wanted two votes in the newly formed colonial assembly to represent her vote and the vote of Lord Baltimore whom she held power-of-attorney. (Pleck, 2007) The governor eventually turned down her demands. The 1790 constitution of New Jersey allowed women property owners the right to vote through a loophole that stated that â€Å"all inhabitants† that met property and residence requirements could vote. This loophole was closed in 1807 by a state legislator that had almost lost an election due to a women’s voting bloc. Other than these isolated incidents the first organized women’s  suffrage movement  can be traced back to the mid 1800’s with the  Seneca Falls  Convention. The organized movement started at Seneca Falls, NY with a meeting called by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. (National Women’s History Museum, 2007) Both women received their start in the women’s suffrage movement by being active in the abolitionist movement. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was an important element of the Women’s Rights Movement, but not many people know of her significance or contributions because she has been overshadowed by her longtime associate and friend, Susan B. Anthony. However, I feel that she was a woman of great importance who was the driving force behind the 1848 Convention, played a leadership role in the women’s rights movement for the next fifty years, and in the words of Henry Thomas, â€Å"She was the architect and author of the movement’s most important strategies ad documents. † Elizabeth Cady Stanton was born in 1815 into an affluent family in Johnstown, New York. Now, while Stanton was growing up, she tried to imitate her brother’s academic achievements due to the fact that her parents, Daniel and Mary Livingston Cady, preferred their sons to their daughters. In trying to copy her male siblings, she got an extraordinary education: she went to Johnstown Academy and studied Greek and mathematics; she learned how to ride and manage a horse; she became a skilled debater; and she attended the Troy Female Seminary in New York (one of the first women ‘s academies to offer an advanced education equal to that of male academies) where she studies logic, physiology, and natural rights philosophy. However, it wasn’t her education, but watching her father, who was a judge and lawyer, handle his cases, that cause her to become involved in various women rights movements. Stanton and Mott attended the World’s Anti-Slavery Convention in London in 1840 and were refused seating for being women. After this incident the two women started seeing a connection between the plight of slaves and the treatment of women in the United States. The women’s movement took a back seat to the slavery movement during the American Civil War as the women turned their attention to working through the war. However, after the war was over the women’s movement thought they were in a good position to win some key battles due to their war work and the attention being paid to equal rights at the time. This was not to be so as the Republicans in power believed that women’s suffrage would hurt their chances to push forth rights for freed slaves because of the widespread unpopularity of women’s rights. (National Women’s History Museum, 2007)   After the war the women’s movement split into rival factions with Stanton and Susan B. Anthony forming the National Woman’s Suffrage Association and Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe forming the American Woman’s Suffrage Association. The NWSA did not support the passing of the 15th amendment because the amendment did not address the giving of equal rights to women as well as blacks and fought against the passing of the amendment as a result. The AWSA supported the 15th amendment and wanted to fight for women’s rights in the states separately. Pleck, 2007) The two movements eventually reunited in 1890 to become the National American Woman Suffrage Association led by Susan B. Anthony until 1900 when Carrie Chapman Catt took over. Catt was integral in the strategy to work for women’s suffrage on both the federal and state level upon her re-election to president of the NAWSA in 1915 which led to another faction split between the NAWSA and a group led by Alice Paul who believed that the major push of the fight needed to be focused at the federal lev el. About. com, 2007)   Finally all the hard work of the women’s movement paid off in the summer of 1920 with the ratification of the 19th amendment. This was not an easily won victory however. Congress first took up the issue in 1915 but the bill lost in the voting and was shelved for almost three years. (â€Å"Women’s Suffrage,† 2007) On the eve of the vote President Wilson made a widely publicized appeal for the passage of the bill and this time the bill barely passed with the need two-thirds majority. However, the bill failed to gain the necessary votes to pass the Senate even with another of President Wilson’s appeals for the passage of the bill. The bill would be voted down twice over the following year before finally gaining enough votes to pass due to Congress’ interest in having the issue solved prior to the presidential elections slated for 1920 and on June 4, 1919 the Senate voted to pass the bill to add the amendment to the constitution securing women’s rights. The effects of the 19th amendment on the United States can be seen everywhere. More women now hold public office and the United States even has a woman running for the Democratic nomination for president. The women’s voting block is one politicians cannot forget about and still have hopes of being successful. The ability of women to vote, even though sparsely used until the 1980s, changed how companies did business and what legislation was passed for respect of the potential voting power of women. More women friendly policies exist, both in the workplace and in general life, which can be attributed to the hard work of the pioneers in the women’s movement. Knowing that men controlled the ability of women to vote and that a way of life would be drastically changed makes the gains of women to vote even more amazing. I can stand back now and admire the bravery of the women who fought for what was and is rightfully theirs and for the bravery of the men to do the right thing by allowing women equal rights. You can just reflect about today’s life and affairs to see that the shift from legal rights to suffrage was successful. Our public offices consist of many great female leaders, and the future for America is brighter with collaboration of men and women alike. The efforts of Alice Paul and Lucy Burns were indeed not in vain as they rallied up people to protest in unison and the results are evidenced by the American political structure today. References About. Com. (2007). Women’s History: about Carrie Chapman Catt. Retrieved November 25, 2007, from About. com Web Site: http://womenshistory. about. com/library/bio/blbio_catt_carrie_chapman. htm National Women’s History Museum. (2007). Women’s Suffrage exhibition. Retrieved November 25, 2007, from National Women’s History Museum Web Site: http://www. nwhm. org/exhibits/tour_02-02d. html Pleck, E. (2007). Women’s Suffrage. Retrieved November 24, 2007, from Scholastic Web Site: http://teacher. scholastic. com/activities/suffrage/history. htm Women’s Suffrage. (2007, November 26). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved November 26, 2007, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_women’s_suffrage_in_the_United_States How to cite Women’s Rights Movement, Essay examples

What Are the Literate Arts Good for free essay sample

Miller asked a question in his text, the dark night of the soul, which is asked on numerous occasions. â€Å"What might the literate arts be good for?† miller gives situations and reasons why we could say the literate arts are useless in today’s world. What might the literate arts be good for? I ask this question a lot now a days too. When i go to english class or see a literary book, the question creeps into my mind unconsciously. In this modern world, ‘reading and writing have gone downhill and yet people do not seem bothered or affected by it which makes the doubt in literary power even stronger. But after a lot of thinking. I have come to realize that literate arts are still needed in our world. The literate arts could be used for self expression. The literate arts are good for clearing expressing an artist’s deepest personal feelings. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Literate Arts Good for? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Writers who have trouble bringing out personal themes can do so effortlessly using this form of art.To be a good writer, the reader must be able to identify with your personal feeling in your work. In the dark night of the soul, miller expresses his feelings about different ideas, beliefs, doubts and what other feelings he has. Though he shows his doubts on the power of the literary arts, he uses the literary arts to express them. Self expression has been seen to be a very useful tool in life. It makes one avoid harming himself or the people around him. Although miller gave an example of the columbine shooting where the shooters, eric harris and dylan klebold, were readers and writers of the literary arts and yet it made no difference in their lives, it does not change my believe. He also added they even went as far as documenting what the felt before the shooting and why they did it but they still went about shii

Baryons Essay Research Paper All particles can free essay sample

Baryons Essay, Research Paper All atoms can be classified into two wide classs: leptons and hadrons. The chief difference between the two is whether they interact through the strong interaction. Hadrons are atoms that interact through all four cardinal interactions of nature, which include, strong, electromagnetic, weak, and gravitative interactions. Hadrons, the strongly interacting atoms, can be farther subdivided into two categories based on their internal composing: mesotrons and heavy particles. Originally, mesotrons and heavy particles were classified harmonizing to their multitudes. Baryons were heavier than mesotrons, and both were heavier than leptons. Today mesotrons and heavy particles are distinguished by their internal construction. Baryons have multitudes greater than the proton mass. All hadrons are composed of two or three cardinal atoms, which came to be known as quarks. A quark is ever combined with one or two other quarks. Harmonizing to the original theoretical account proposed by Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig in 1963, there were three types of quarks indicated by the symbols u, vitamin D, and s. We will write a custom essay sample on Baryons Essay Research Paper All particles can or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These were given the arbitrary names up, down, and sideways ( now referred to as strange ) . Associated with each quark is an anti-quark, which are the antimatter equivalents of quarks, face-to-face in electric charge. Later grounds allowed theoreticians to suggest the being of several more quarks: appeal ( degree Celsius ) , top ( T ) , and underside ( B ) . These six quarks species are paired with their spirits: up and down, top and bottom, and appeal and strange. A heavy particle is a # 8220 ; heavy # 8221 ; subatomic atom holding strong interactions ( a hadron ) which either is a nucleon or can transform or disintegrate into a concluding province of stable atoms including a individual nucleon plus finally some extra negatrons, photons, neutrinos and/or nucleon anti-nucleon braces. This definition is merely suited if the quality qualifying a heavy particle is conserved in all involved reactions or decays and this is made evident presenting a heavy particle figure, which is +1 for a heavy particle and -1 for an anti-baryon. Baryons besides include hyperons, which are created in atom gas pedals. All observed heavy particles can be described as quark compounds incorporating three quarks or, for anti-baryons, of three anti-quarks. Some illustrations of heavy particles are protons which contains three quarks ( u, u, and vitamin D ) and neutrons, which besides contain three quarks ( u, vitamin D, and vitamin D ) . From the belongingss of quarks, it follows that all heavy particles made in this manner have built-in electric charge, half whole number spin and heavy particle figure +1 ( quarks have baryon figure +1/3 ) . The possible combinations of higher heavy particle figure are identified with the atomic karyon, but it is non excluded that they could be as edge quark provinces excessively. The proton has charges of +2/3e, +2/3e, and 1/3e. The entire charge of the proton is +e. The neutron has charges of +2/3e, -1/3e, and 1/3e. The entire charge of quarks in a neutron is zero. The regulation you need to retrieve for heavy particles is that they are ever made from 3 quarks. Each quark has to hold a different colour charge from the others inside the heavy particle. The three-color charges are labeled in conformity with the three primary colourss RED, GREEN, and BLUE. The demand that a heavy particle must hold three quarks, one RED, one GREEN, and one BLUE, makes the heavy particle have an overall white colour. This is a void colour. Hence, the colour charge of the heavy particle is zero. Scientists have discovered four sorts of alleged durable hyperons, which last longer than one-thousandth of one-billionth of a 2nd. They named these hyperons lambda, sigma, xi, and omega. The quarks neutron and lambda have the same electric charge and spin. Protons and anti-protons have the same mass and spin. Scientists have besides found shorter-lived hyperons. The term heavy particle comes from the Grecian word for heavy. The lightest heavy particle, the proton, has a mass 1,836 times that of an negatron. The neutron’s mass is somewhat higher, at 1,839 times the negatron mass. All heavy particles, except protons, of course decay ( interrupt down ) into two or more other atoms. For illustration, when removed from the karyon, a neutron decays into a proton, an negatron, and a neutrino. When a heavy particle decays, it produces another, lighter heavy particle. Physicists call this principle the jurisprudence of preservation of heavy particles. Harmonizing to this jurisprudence, a proton can non disintegrate because there is no heavy particle lighter than a proton. Protons and neutrons are the chief edifice blocks of atoms. If protons decayed, they could non organize enduring atoms. The fact that protons do non disintegrate keeps the objects in our universe from f all ining. An of import belongings of heavy particles is it mass. In general, merely a little portion of the mass of a hadron ( such as a proton ) is due to the remainder mass of the quarks in it. Some of the mass of a hadron comes from the kinetic energy of the quarks due to confinement. The volume of a hadron is little. By the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, the kinetic energy of the quark is reciprocally relative to the radius of its parturiency. This energy contributes to the mass of the hadron ( heavy particle ) . The Standard Model is the combination of two theories of atom natural philosophies into a individual model to depict all interactions of subatomic atoms, except those due to gravitation. The two constituents of the standard theoretical account are electroweak theory, which describes interactions with the electromagnetic and weak forces, and quantum chromodynamics, the theory of the strong atomic force. Both these theories are gauge field theories, which describe the interactions between atoms in footings of the exchange of intermediary # 8220 ; messenger # 8221 ; atoms that have one unit of intrinsic angular impulse, or spin. In add-on to these force-carrying atoms, the standard theoretical account includes two households of subatomic atoms that build up affair and that have spins of one-half unit. These atoms are the quarks and the leptons, and there are six assortments, or # 8220 ; spirits, # 8221 ; of each, related in braces in three # 8220 ; coevalss # 8221 ; of increasing mass. Everyday affair is built from the members of the lightest coevals such as the # 8220 ; up # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; down # 8221 ; quarks that do up the protons and neutrons of atomic karyon. Heavier types of quark and lepton have been discovered in surveies of high-energy atom interactions, both at scientific research labs with atom gas pedals and in the natural reactions of high-energy cosmic-ray atoms in the ambiance. The standard theoretical account has proved a extremely successful model for foretelling the interactions of quarks and leptons with great truth. Yet it has a figure of failings that lead physicists to seek for a more complete theory of subatomic atoms and their interactions. The present criterion theoretical account, for illustration, can non explicate why there are three coevalss of quarks and leptons. It makes no anticipations of the multitudes of the quarks and the leptons neither of the strengths of the assorted interactions. Physicists hope that, by examining the standard theoretical account in item and doing extremely accurate measurings, they will detect some manner in which the theoretical account begins to interrupt down and thereby happen a more complete theory. This may turn out to be what is known as a expansive incorporate theory, which uses a individual theoretical construction to depict the strong, weak, and electromagnetic forces. We are seeing merely the conceptual consequences of this really mathematical theory, but we should recognize that is it based on experimental grounds.

Free Essays on Sex and Teens

Teenagers in the United States are experimenting with sexual activities more and more today than ever before. According to Charles Krauthammer, "Sex oozes from every pore of the culture and there's not a kid in the world who can avoid it." (Meier, 1994, p. 7). Teenagers are surrounded by some sort of sexual connotations all the time. Whether it is television, radio, school, or even the Internet, teenagers are hearing the affects of sex on our society. The price that teenagers pay for being sexually active greatly outweighs any advantages. The period of puberty occurs somewhere between the ages of 10 and 14 for most but can vary for different people. Heredity, health problems, and emotional and physical stress can cause these variations. Teens begin to experiment with the opposite sex by hugging, kissing and other forms of sexual expression. People are capable of creating babies as soon as puberty begins. Teens also watch more television and listen to more music developing their own u nique personalities. According to one study, about 65,000 sexual acts or comments on prime-time television occur every year (Meier, 1994, p. 9). In the movies or on television, the actors and actresses make sex look easy, fun and glamorous. It appears to be something everyone is doing. On television shows like "Dawson's Creek", sex is usually the major topic of the entire show. Whether it is guys and girls, guys and guys, girls and girls, or multiple persons of each sex, the sex act itself is a major conflict. Movies, such as "Cruel Intentions", portray sex as a game. The main characters are placing bets on each other that one of them will have sex with some girl who is against the idea of premarital sex. That movie is rated R, but little kids were in there with their parents. Those types of movies are not meant for a young audience. Now those kids might end up having sex when they become teenagers. Those same teenagers might often be the ones that get pregn... Free Essays on Sex and Teens Free Essays on Sex and Teens Teenagers in the United States are experimenting with sexual activities more and more today than ever before. According to Charles Krauthammer, "Sex oozes from every pore of the culture and there's not a kid in the world who can avoid it." (Meier, 1994, p. 7). Teenagers are surrounded by some sort of sexual connotations all the time. Whether it is television, radio, school, or even the Internet, teenagers are hearing the affects of sex on our society. The price that teenagers pay for being sexually active greatly outweighs any advantages. The period of puberty occurs somewhere between the ages of 10 and 14 for most but can vary for different people. Heredity, health problems, and emotional and physical stress can cause these variations. Teens begin to experiment with the opposite sex by hugging, kissing and other forms of sexual expression. People are capable of creating babies as soon as puberty begins. Teens also watch more television and listen to more music developing their own u nique personalities. According to one study, about 65,000 sexual acts or comments on prime-time television occur every year (Meier, 1994, p. 9). In the movies or on television, the actors and actresses make sex look easy, fun and glamorous. It appears to be something everyone is doing. On television shows like "Dawson's Creek", sex is usually the major topic of the entire show. Whether it is guys and girls, guys and guys, girls and girls, or multiple persons of each sex, the sex act itself is a major conflict. Movies, such as "Cruel Intentions", portray sex as a game. The main characters are placing bets on each other that one of them will have sex with some girl who is against the idea of premarital sex. That movie is rated R, but little kids were in there with their parents. Those types of movies are not meant for a young audience. Now those kids might end up having sex when they become teenagers. Those same teenagers might often be the ones that get pregn...

Gilbane Gold Ethical Model - Analysis Case Study

Gilbane Gold Ethical Model - Analysis - Case Study Example This problem on fairness has been raised by individuals and masses for affirmative action on in convincing ethics. The place from which this case has been based on is Gilbane, an imaginary town. The mud that comes from the sewage plant situated in the city for very many years has been used as fertilizers and the sales are made under Gilbane Gold. This firm generates revenue from Gilbane Gold that supplements the city’s tax revenue. This tax revenues saves a family composed of four roughly 3000 dollars every year. For the lively income source to be protected, restrictions that are very harsh should be implemented on disposal of metals that are heavy in sewages. This sewage if well taken care of can provide farmers with fertilizers. Before the implementation of these regulations, this city had a good name on matters pertaining to business. It also gave tax abatements to the firms, which chose to locate to the town. Therefore, after the location of many firms into the city, enact ment of the restrictions was done. Z CORP being one of the firms that located there monitored discharge in monthly bases from the plants, which produced toxic materials at that time of manufacturing. The problem in this case arises where the firms in this city have the responsibility of supplying data from the tests carried out and modern tests have been developed. Firstly, the engineer in charge has the mandate to sign for the accuracy of tests carried out. There has been interference with the law that governs effluents in that its main purpose is to regulate amount of discharge and not the quantity as a whole. This makes it easy for a plant to operate within standards set by Gilbane just by escalating the discharge volume. Another issue on the modern test method is that if it is used there is a detection of excess emissions allowance frequently. In contrary, there has been a tendency to cling onto initial method of testing by the occupants of this city. Z CORP is faced with a prob lem on whether to disclose the outcomes or to undisclose it. If it does not do that employees may insinuate that, the firm portrays bad faith towards the city. The plant’s engineer dismisses a consultant, believing the action was out of warnings on discharge levels. This engineer has two concerns, discharge of metals by Z CORP and realization of the effect that the contract signed by Z CORP means to the city. The only action he arrives at is blowing the whole crime out through the media. Problem analysis In order to analyze the problem encountered, one has to be fit to act as the engineer, and should be in a position to handle the problems that were encountered by him. What this statement implies is that, an individual should first be an agent not a judge. The individual should be able to analyze the problem by imagining to be faced by it and has the responsibility to make a decision and not as one who evaluates. To start with, the debate, which appears to arise over moral is sues, is in the real sense disagreements on facts that are relevant. In any case two engineers fall out on a decision that the government opts to take; the engineers might think that the disagreement is about issues related to ethics. Further discussion reveals the difference emanates from the question of the best way to eliminate discrimination. Although some may conceptualize that women’s ethics will continue for a while despite taking of affirmative action, some have a different belief that there can be

What not to eat or eat when pregnant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What not to eat or eat when pregnant - Essay Example According to the author, some of these foods contain a bacterium that causes listeriosis (Ward). This infection is critical since in addition to serious health problems, it may cause miscarriages and stillbirth amongst pregnant women. The article presents the fact that some large fish contain mercury that may affect the brain and nervous system development of a child. The article recommends that one should first test the doneness of the animal meat with a thermometer and ensure that eggs are cooked until there are no longer runny (Ward). Moreover, it advices that pregnant women should wash their hands after handling hot dogs and the luncheon meats and also avoid he fluid from the packages containing these foods. Pregnant women may only eat up to 12 ounces of low in mercury seafoods in a week. Finally, it recommends that one should stick to the baking instruction provided and not eat raw dough. The article forbids women from drinking excess caffeine. According to the article, it can pass to the baby and affect their heart rate (â€Å"Mayo Clinic†). Currently, some studies indicate that drinking caffeine may cause miscarriages amongst women. In addition, the article also prohibits herbal tea since some may affect the development of the baby. Finally, the article advices women to avoid alcohol as it may affect the baby. Mothers who drink alcohol have higher risks towards miscarriages and stillbirths (â€Å"Mayo Clinic†). Too much of it also leads to foetal alcohol syndrome. Recommendations provided by the article include the fact that pregnant women should consult their health providers on the use of herbal tea. In addition, the article claims that no level of alcohol has been proven unsafe but women should just avoid it completely. Finally, concerning caffeine, the recommended dose is less than 200 milligrams a day (â€Å"Mayo Clinic†). In addition to stating the foods and

Occupational Health and Safety Management Essay - 1

Occupational Health and Safety Management - Essay Example Occupational health and Safety management promotes a safe and sound working environment for the workers and also ensure health to them. Safety and health of the employee are crucial to any organization as it is directly related to the productivity of an organization. According to (BIS,2010)â€Å"Health and safety are important aspects of an organization’s smooth and effective functioning. Good health and safety performance ensures an accident-free industrial environment†. As the working environment becoming riskier, all organization are more aware of the health hazards looming around them and hence implements an OSHMS to ensure safety and security of the employees. â€Å"OHSAS 18001 is designed to place a proactive and preventative emphasis on risk control factors by identifying and assessing the likelihood of hazards in the workplace. OHSAS 18001 can be implemented by organizations of all sizes and in any industry†(TUV). When an organization conforms to the stan dards and regulation of OHSM then the employees, clients and all people related to the firm are ensured safety. The OHSM initiated occupational health and safety policies, plan them effectively, implement it and also monitor and take corrective action. They make sure that the organization consistently follow their guidelines and make improvement in the work place environment. The OHSM also implement conditions on the site layout in case of construction companies in order to avoid fatalities and risk.

Indo-US civilian nuclear deal

Indo-US civilian nuclear deal INDIAS ENERGY SECURITY WITH SPECIALREFERENCE TO INDO-US NUCLEAR DEAL â€Å"Consider the past 400 years of history. The world developed a new source of power, steam, and the industrial age came in. India with all her many virtues did not develop that source of power and it became a backward and a slave country. Now, we are on the verge of the atomic age. If we are to remain abreast in the world as a nation which keeps ahead of things, we must develop this atomic energy quite apart from war†¦of course, if we are compelled as a nation to use it for other purposes, no pious sentiments of any one of us can stop the nation from using it that way.† Jawaharlal Nehru, 06 April 1948 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION AND METHODOLOGY The energy security encompasses the oil natural gas, fuel and electricity. However in the backdrop of Indo-US civilian nuclear deal we are referring to the electrical energy security generated from nuclear sources. The Indias nuclear reactors are fueled by uranium. Indias uranium is low grade and quantity and is about seven times costlier than whats available in the world market. The Indo US civilian nuclear deal encompasses the transfer of sensitive technology for reprocessing, enrichment of fuel and importing uranium for generation of electricity from nuclear energy. In recent years, if there is one issue that has been on the headlines at regular intervals besides terrorist attacks in different parts of our country, is the Indo-US civilian nuclear deal. So much so that it was on the verge of bringing down the worlds largest democracy. Never before in the history of independent India where any subject thought about, deliberated, argued and counter argued by the political, bureaucr atic and the scientific elites. The main advantage of this deal is that the India not only got the assurance from the world to increase its electricity generating capacity but India can continue its nuclear weapon programme unhindered. The deal also gave strategic advantages to US. METHODOLOGY Statement of Problem 2. This paper aims to analyse â€Å"Will India be able to fulfill its power demand by 2030 by generating electricity from nuclear power plants in light of Indo-US civilian nuclear deal.† Hypothesis 3. The extent of Indias strategic interest has expanded and span from the Gulf of Hormuze up to the Malacca Strait. It implies that India is on the threshold of becoming a regional super power, having a large say in the geopolitical affairs in South Asia. This situation has come about as a result of the economic liberalisation in last decade of the twentieth century, causing the economy to grow at appreciable rates of 7-8 % per year. Economic opportunities in India have made the world sit up and take notice, causing a huge influx of investments in all business and industrial sectors. 4. Given the above situation, Indias electrical energy needs are growing by leaps and bounds, and at a very rapid pace. The sources for generation of electricity to support this unprecedented growth are not adequate. Therefore, it is imperative that India must look for alternative sources to generate sufficient electricity not only to cater for future growth but also to bridge the gap between the demand and supply. This will also help India for realisation of her role as a regional power to satisfy her strategic aspirations. Justification of the Study 5. India is concern for energy security in general and electrical energy in particular for its economic development and uplifting the standard of living of its citizen. Indo-us civilian nuclear deal is a step towards to solve Indias energy problem which encompasses the generation of electricity from nuclear energy and transfer of sensitive technology including supply of raw material. But the deal has more strategic and international connotation. If we adopt the perspective of twenty years hence, will India be able to achieve its energy security? Scope 6. The scope of this study would be to look into Indias electric energy requirement by 2030, highlighting the electricity generating capacity and gap between demand and supply. Also to analyze the nuclear power plants generating capacity in a backdrop of Indo-US civilian nuclear deal with its strategic implications for India. The study would also suggest a way ahead for India to achieve total energy security. Other related issues such as electrification, transmission, distribution, billing, electrical energy conservation and regulatory commissions are not considered in this study. Operational Definitions 7. Energy Security.[1] A countrys ability to optimize its energy resource portfolio and supply of energy services for the desired level of services that will sustain economic growth and poverty reduction. It is a broad umbrella covers all type of energy and economic growth. 8. Nuclear Energy and Energy Security.[2] Nuclear Energy is the kinetic energy of the fragments that result from the fissioning or splitting of uranium and plutonium nuclei when they absorb neutrons. The kinetic energy is converted to heat as the fragments are slowed, and this heat is use to convert water into steam which in turn used for rotation of turbine thus producing electricity. This nuclear energy supplements the total energy requirement of our country with an aim to achieve energy security from all the sources including renewable, hydro and coal. Methods of Data Collection 9. The major source of data collection has been through library books, journals, articles from magazine newspaper as well as internet. Organisation of the Dissertation (Chapterisation) 10. The dissertation is organised as under : (a) Chapter I Introduction and Methodology. This chapter introduces the subject ‘Indias energy security with special reference to Indo-us nuclear deal. It also lays down the ‘Statement of Problem providing a justification for the study and defines the scope of dissertation. The chapter also defines security in general and energy security in particular. Energy security encompasses oil, gas and electricity. The focus will be on nuclear power element of electricity/power security. (b) Chapter II Indias Electrical Energy Need and Present Status. This chapter brings out statistical data about the present power status in India from all sources including the contribution of nuclear power plants and predicting economic growth vis-a-vis Indias electrical energy needs by 2030. (c) Chapter III Nuclear Energy Its Myth and Reality. This chapter analysis the nuclear power generating capacity by 2030, technology and raw material requirement and its contribution towards achieving energy security. It also covers advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power over conventional sources of power generation. (d) Chapter IV Indo-US Civilian Nuclear Deal. This chapter covers Indias nuclear history in brief and Indo-US civilian nuclear deal in detail. It also brings out the stance of International atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG). This chapter also highlights the pros and cons and views of political parties in India. (e) Chapter V Implications of the Deal. This chapter highlights the strategic implications in terms of economic, geopolitical and military of Indo-US civilian nuclear deal. (f) Chapter VI The Way Ahead for Energy Security. Initially India neglected its power requirement and now going for nuclear power. On one hand developed country like Germany is against nuclear power and on other side France in going for it. This chapter covers the analysis of this dichotomy and Indias necessity to go for it. In the end, recommendations for way ahead for India to achieve total energy security. CHAPTER II INDIAS ELECTRICAL ENERGY NEED AND PRESENT STATUS Indias Energy Security Challenge[3] 1. Electricity is one of the most important inputs to support the growing economy. Today, there is the requisite buying power to support the rapid growth of the power sector. At the same time, there are severe resources constrains looming large. The non-availability of power in required amounts could, in fact, severely restrict our developmental aspirations. 2. There is a need to look at nuclear energy associated with processes involving the nucleus of an atom in several million folds higher than the energy associated with processes that involve electron that orbit around the nucleus. The later forms the basis of energy through burning of fossil fuels. Nuclear energy released through fission or fusion of atomic nuclei and solar energy that we receive from the sun are the only two viable basic energy sources capable of meeting our long term energy needs. 3. Electricity Present Status in India?[4] India is a power deficit country with a high base and peak load deficit of around 9.8% and 16.6%, respectively. Currently, though coal-based plants contribute around 58 % of the installed capacity, that alone would not be sufficient to secure and fulfill Indias long-term Energy requirements. A broad estimate suggests that if the countrys coal consumption continues to grow at 5% pa, going ahead we might run out of coal reserves over the next 40-50 years, and even if new coal reserves are discovered and extracted, we might still run out of coal in the next 70-80 years. Installed Capacity > 120 GW. Gross Generation is 620 billion kWh. The current per capita power consumption in India is about 612 KWH per year. While the world average is 2596 KWH. Out of total power available in India, thermal power constitutes 64.6%, hydro power 24.7% and nuclear power 2.9%. The present power status of India is shown in fig 1. The details of nuclear power is s hown in fig 2 Indian Energy Scenarios: 2030 4. Nuclear Power[5] will play a significant role in the long-term energy mix of the country with the government planning to raise its contribution from the current level of 2.9% (4,120 MW) to around 10% (64,000-65,000 MW) of the countrys installed capacity by 2030.[6] 5. Details of Nuclear Power Plants in India.[7] Currently, seventeen nuclear power reactors produce 4,120 MW (2.9% of total installed base). Power station Operator State Type Units Total capacity (MW) Kaiga NPCIL Karnataka PHWR 220 x 3 660 Kakrapar NPCIL Gujarat PHWR 220 x 2 440 Kalpakkam NPCIL Tamil Nadu PHWR 220 x 2 440 Narora NPCIL Uttar Pradesh PHWR 220 x 2 440 Rawatbhata NPCIL Rajasthan PHWR 100 x 1, 200 x 1, 220 x 2 740 Tarapur NPCIL Maharashtra BWR(PHWR) 160 x 2, 540 x 2 1400 Total 17 4120 6. The projects under construction are: Power station Operator State Type Units Total capacity (MW) Kaiga NPCIL Karnataka PHWR 220 x 1 220 Rawatbhata NPCIL Rajasthan PHWR 220 x 2 440 Kudankulam NPCIL Tamil Nadu VVER-1000 1000 x 2 2000 Kalpakkam NPCIL Tamil Nadu PFBR 500 x 1 500 Total 6 3160 7. The planned projects are: Power station Operator State Type Units Total capacity (MW) Kakrapar NPCIL Gujarat PHWR 640 x 2 1280 Rawatbhata NPCIL Rajasthan PHWR 640 x 2 1280 Kudankulam NPCIL Tamil Nadu VVER-1200 1200 x 2 2400 Jaitapur NPCIL Maharastra EPR 1600 x 4 6400 Kaiga NPCIL Karnataka PWR 1000 x 1, 1500 x 1 2500 Bhavini PFBR 470 x 4 1880 NPCIL AHWR 300 300 NTPC PWR 1000 x 2 2000 NPCIL PHWR 640 x 4 2560 Total 10 20600 8. The following projects are firmly proposed. Power station Operator State Type Units Total capacity (MW) Kudankulam NPCIL Tamil Nadu VVER-1200 1200 x 2 2400 Jaitapur NPCIL Maharashtra EPR 1600 x 2 3200 Pati Sonapur Orissa PWR 6000 Kumaharia Haryana PWR 2800 Saurashtra Gujarat PWR Pulivendula NPCIL 51%, AP Genco 49% Andhra Pradesh PWR 2000 x 1 2000 Kovvada Andhra Pradesh PWR Haripur West Bengal PWR Total 15 16400 9. The following projects are proposed and to be confirmed soon. Power station Operator State Type Units Total capacity (MW) Kudankulam NPCIL Tamil Nadu VVER-1200 1200 x 2 2400 Total 2 2400 10. Summary of total nuclear power generation capacity by 2030. Sl No. Project Units Total capacity (MW) 1 Present nuclear power reactors 17 4120 2 Projects under construction 06 3160 3 Planned projects 10 20600 4 Projects firmly proposed 15 16400 5 Proposed and to be confirmed 02 2400 Total 50 46680 11. Department of Atomic Energy. This independent department has all matter related to atomic energy under its purview, and is responsible for designing, commissioning, constructing and operating nuclear power plants. 12. National Electricity Policy.[8] The GOI decided and notified the National Electricity Policy in Feb 2005 (Min of Power, 2005). The policy aims at accelerated development of power sector, providing supply of electricity to all areas and protecting interests of consumers. The policy prescribes development of rural electrification distribution backbone to be completed in next five years, Some of the points on which the policy emphasizes on are:- (a) Nuclear power is an established source of energy to meet the base load demand. Share of nuclear power in the overall capacity profile will need to be increased significantly. (b) Creation of adequate generation capacity with a spinning reserve of a least 5% by 2012 with availability of installed capacity at 85%. (c) Full development of hydro potential. (d) Development of National Grid. (e) Exploitation of non-conventional energy such as small hydro, solar, biomass and wind for additional power generation capacity. 13. Outcome of the Deal. The Indian nuclear power industry is expected to undergo a significant expansion in the coming years thanks in part to the passing of the Indo-US nuclear deal. This agreement will allow India to carry out trade of nuclear fuel and technologies with other countries and significantly enhance its power generation capacity. India is expected to generate an additional 25,000 MW of nuclear power by 2020, bringing total estimated nuclear power generation to 45,000 MW. Following a waiver from the Nuclear Suppliers Group in September 2008 which allowed it to commence international nuclear trade, India has signed nuclear deals with several other countries including France, United States, Namibia, Mongolia and Kazakhstan while the framework for similar deals with Canada and United Kingdom are also being prepared. In February 2009, India also signed a $700 million deal with Russia for the supply of 2000 tons nuclear fuel. India now envisages to increase the contribution of nuclear power to overall electricity generation capacity from 4.2% to 9% within 25 years. In 2010, Indias installed nuclear power generation capacity will increase to 6,000 MW. As of 2009, India stands 9th in the world in terms of number of operational nuclear power reactors and is constructing 9 more, including two EPRs being constructed by Frances Areva. Indigenous atomic reactors include TAPS-3, and -4, both of which are 540 MW reactors. Indias $717 million fast breeder reactor project is expected to be operational by 2010. 14. Nuclear Power Growth. India, being a non-signatory of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, has been subjected to a defacto nuclear embargo from members of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) cartel. This has prevented India from obtaining commercial nuclear fuel, nuclear power plant components and services from the international market, thereby forcing India to develop its own fuel, components and services for nuclear power generation. The NSG embargo has had both negative and positive consequences for Indias Nuclear Industry. On one hand, the NSG regime has constrained India from freely importing nuclear fuel at the volume and cost levels it would like to support the countrys goals of expanding its nuclear power generation capacity to at least 20,000 MW by 2020. Also, by precluding India from taking advantage of the economies of scale and safety innovations of the global nuclear industry, the NSG regime has driven up the capital and operating costs and damaged the achievable safe ty potential of Indian nuclear power plants. On the other hand, the NSG embargo has forced the Indian government and bureaucracy to support and actively fund the development of Indian nuclear technologies and industrial capacities in all key areas required to create and maintain a domestic nuclear industry. This has resulted in the creation of a large pool of nuclear scientists, engineers and technicians that have developed new and unique innovations in the areas of Fast Breeder Reactors, Thermal Breeder Reactors, the Thorium fuel cycle, nuclear fuel reprocessing and Tritium extraction production. Ironically, had the NSG sanctions not been in place, it would have been far more cost effective for India to import foreign nuclear power plants and nuclear fuels than to fund the development of Indian nuclear power generation technology, building of Indias own nuclear reactors, and the development of domestic uranium mining, milling and refining capacity. 15. India has already been using imported enriched uranium and are currently under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards, but it has developed various aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle to support its reactors. Development of select technologies has been strongly affected by limited imports. Use of heavy water reactors has been particularly attractive for the nation because it allows Uranium to be burnt with little to no enrichment capabilities. India has also done a great amount of work in the development of a Thorium centered fuel cycle. While Uranium deposits in the nation are limited, there are much greater reserves of Thorium and it could provide hundreds of times the energy with the same mass of fuel. The fact that Thorium can theoretically be utilized in heavy water reactors has tied the development of the two. A prototype reactor that would burn Uranium-Plutonium fuel while irradiating a Thorium blanket is under construction at the Madras/Kalpakkam Atomic Power Station. CHAPTER III NUCLEAR ENERGY ITS MYTH AND REALITY Nuclear Energy in India[9] 1. Nuclear energy is the fourth-largest source of electricity in India after thermal, hydro and renewable sources of electricity. As of 2008, India has 17 nuclear power plants in operation generating 4,120 MW while 6 other are under construction and are expected to generate an additional 3,160 MW. Since early 1990s, Russia has been a major source of nuclear fuel to India. Due to dwindling domestic uranium reserves, electricity generation from nuclear power in India declined by 12.83% from 2006 to 2008. To appreciate the Indo US nuclear deal better, let us understand the basics of generation of nuclear energy. 2. Nuclear Reactor. The basis of nuclear power is the fission process. This is the process of splitting of a fissionable atoms nucleus, releasing energy in the form of heat, which can be converted through steam turbine and a generator into electricity. The only naturally occurring fissionable material is Uranium and said to be fissile because its nucleus has an affinity to a colliding neutron which it absorbs, splits into two smaller particles and emits two or more neutrons and produces vast amounts of energy. This process is called fission chain reaction. The neutrons produced as result of fission reaction in the reactor have excessive energy levels and they move at a great speed. In a nuclear reactor a chain reaction cannot be sustained with fast moving neutrons. So the fast paced neutrons are slowed down by an element called a moderator. The two substances that are used as a moderator in a Uranium reactor are heavy water and graphite. A majority of the nuclear reactors in the worl d use natural uranium as fuel and light water as moderator and hence they are called the Light Water Reactor. These are essentially boiling water reactor (BWR) or Pressurized water reactor (PWR). In a BWR, the cooling water is allowed to boil inside the reactor at a temp of 290 deg and pressure of 70 atmospheres. The steam is then fed directly to the turbines and re-circulated to the reactor. In a PWR the pressure inside the reactor vessel is kept at 150 atmospheres so as to prevent the cooling water from boiling at temperatures up to 350 deg. This water is fed out of the reactor vessel to a steam generator where it passes through thousands of tubes immersed in water at a much lower pressure. The secondary cooling water boils and drives the turbines. The other type of reactors those use heavy water as moderator is called Pressurised Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR). 3. Nuclear Fuel Cycle. Nuclear fuel needs to be processed optimally for use and thereafter disposed off safely. All these activities form part of the nuclear fuel cycle. Indias share of Natural Uranium reserve of the entire globe is 0.8 %. At the same time that of Thorium is over 32% of the worlds reserve. A Uranium Mill is a chemical plant designed to extract uranium from ore. The final product that goes out of from the mill, commonly referred to as yellow cake, contains more than 60% of uranium. 4. Nuclear Waste Reprocessing. The fuel which went into the reactor is removed after anywhere between 18 months to about 3 years. This spent fuel highly radioactive waste. The Uranium which comprises about 96% of the spent fuel can be recycled as fresh fuel elements. It could be used to fuel breeder reactors or can be used to make a nuclear bomb. 5. Uranium Enrichment. Purification and chemical conversion of uranium concentrate to uranium hexafluoride is needed since yellowcake is not directly usable as nuclear reactor fuel. The uranium hexafluoride is used in a natural uranium fuel reactor. The enriched uranium is now sent to a fuel fabrication plant where it is changed into uranium dioxide powder. The powder is pressed into small pellets, which are then put into metal tubes, forming fuel rods. These fuel rods are put together to form a fuel assembly. Advantages and Disadvantages 6. The advantages of electricity produced from nuclear source are as follows :- (a) Cost- Effective Option. A kilogram of uranium can produces a million times more energy as compared to a kilogram of coal or a kilogram of hydrocarbon. One kg uranium can produce as much electricity as 1500 tons of coal. It will not only diversify Indias power generation portfolio but also reduces pressure on railway transportation of coal for the thermal power plants. (b) Environmentally Sustainable. Non-emission of greenhouse gases that have threatened the global climate. The reduction in annual coal consumption ~ 100 Million Tons. Reduction in annual CO2 Emissions > 170 Million Tons. This will help ease global demand for crude oil and natural gas. 7. The disadvantages of nuclear power plants are as follows :- (a) Initial Cost. Conventional nuclear plants are expensive, being perhaps two to three times the cost of comparable coal or gasification plants, with much of this expenditure required to insure the safety of the public. The production process is relatively simple and involves using nuclear heat to create steam that subsequently drives a turbine generator. However, the high cost of the plants (billions of dollars) can introduce potentially high financial risks to owners and investors alike, as history has demonstrated. While the plants are relatively inefficient (~33%), the price of nuclear fuel, as with coal, is a fraction of the cost of natural gas. Nuclear plants operate at full power for technical reasons and avoid the daily routine large load swings of the electrical grid. Fossil plants are normally used for such purposes. Indias Nuclear Energy Programme 8. Indias nuclear resource endowments are modest in terms of uranium, which is the only naturally available material that contains a fissionable component. On other hand thorium endowments are vast. But unlike uranium it is non fissionable. 9. Three-StageProgramme Indias strategies for large scale development of nuclear energy focused towards utilization of thorium and three stages nuclear power program is as given under : (a) The first stage of Indian Nuclear Power employs the PHWRs fuelled by uranium, to produce plutonium. (b) The second stage, Plutonium put in Fast breeder reactor with uranium, with a blanket of thorium, to convert some of the thorium into uranium. (c) In the third stage, Advanced Heavy Water Reactors (AHWRs) would burn Thorium and U 233 as fuel. This is what we finally want to achieve in the years to come. The AHWR test reactor is in final phase of design. 10. Nuclear Energy for Indias Energy Security.[10][11] The CHAPTER IV Indo US Civilian Nuclear Deal Indo-US Relations 1. Historical Perspective. The nuclear energy history started way back in 1950 when US helped India to develop nuclear energy under the atoms for peace program. In 1968 India refused to sign the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) claiming it was biased. India, Pakistan and Israel never signed NPT and North Korea signed but withdrew later. In 1974 came a turning point when India tested its first nuclear bomb made by the materials from the Canadian reactor. Canada and US stopped selling nuclear fuel to India and US placed severe restrictions on transfer of dual use technologies to India. India was a target of American ideological and geopolitical antagonism. Bilateral relations between the two countries were victims of incompatible obsessions of Indias with Pakistan and Americas with the erstwhile USSR. 2. Post Pokharan II. Indias nuclear blasts of 1998 not only shook the Thar desert, but also rocked the very foundations of the Global Nuclear Order. US administration promptly imposed sanctions and also mobilized other nations in doing so. Indias nuclear policy thus became the single most contentious issue in bilateral relations. The country was treated like pariah, especially by the US and 45 member Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) countries and isolated India for more than three decades, refusing nuclear co-operation. Sanctions were heaped on India. Indian nuclear scientists were unwelcome at international seminars in their field. 3. Post 9/11. In 2000, the US has moved to build a strategic partnership with India. The terrorists strike of 11 Sep 01 resulted in convergence of strategic interests of both the sides. India supported American actions whole heartedly and defence cooperation was at new heights. An agreement on Next Steps in Strategic Partnership (NSSP) was signed in Jan 2004 which included areas such as missile defence, cooperation in civilian nuclear, space programme and high technology trade. The foundation and indeed the underpinning of the nuclear agreement was the signing of a ten year New Framework for Defence Relationship (NFDR) in June 2005 as a prelude to the historic agreement of 18 Jul 05, when India and the US agreed to cooperate in the field of civilian nuclear agreement. Landmark Deal 4. On 18 Jul 2005, India and the US sign the landmark Civilian Nuclear Deal in Washington DC and surprise the world. The deal was signed by US President Mr George Bush and Indian Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh. The US dismantle the complex architecture that it had set up to isolate India after 1974 nuclear test and deny it access to civilian nuclear technology. 5. Hyde Act. On 18 Dec 2006, the US congress passed the Henry J Hyde United States-India peaceful atomic energy co-operation act 2006 (PAEC Act 2006) popularly called as ‘Hyde Act, amending the atomic energy act that had prohibited American entities from trading with countries that didnt sign the NPT or had done a nuclear test. India fitted into both categories. The US Senate voted emphatically in favor of 86 to 13. In reality, the Hyde Act is an enabling legi

Athletes and Anabolic Steroids Essay -- Women Athletics Essays

Women Athletes and Anabolic Steroids I. Introduction Anabolic steroids have been around since the 1930s. While they started out solely for medical purposes, they have now become widely accepted for recreational endeavors and heightened athletic performance. Though highly accepted, they are still very illegal without a written prescription. While they have surpassed their medical uses and found their way into top athletes and body builders, they have also crossed the gender barrier. Men are not the only users anymore. More and more women have felt the effects of anabolic steroids and before you think they are the thing for you maybe you should read this first. I. What are Anabolic Steroids? Anabolic steroids are synthetic substances that mimic the male sex hormones known as androgens. This is where the true name anabolic-androgenic steroid is derived, but for familiarity purposes they are referred to only as anabolic steroids (no purely anabolic agent has ever been synthesized). Specifically, they are synthetically produced to act as the male hormone testosterone. Testosterone has a 17-carbon core, like its replication- the anabolic steroid, and is credited for the promotion of growth of skeletal muscles and the development of male sexual characteristics. It has both androgenic (masculinization) and anabolic (tissue-building) effects in the human body. Functions of testosterone include increased numbers of red blood cells, improved calcium deposition in the bones, muscle enlargement, increased body hair, thickening of vocal chords, and growth and development of the prostate gland (Hickson, Ball, Falduto; 1989). Women have naturally occurring testosterone already present in their bodies, but in such sm... ...g women rape victims. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 40, 273-277 Hickson, R.C., Ball, K.L., Falduto M.T. (1989) Adverse effects of anabolic steroids. Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp, 4, 254-271 Hughes, T.K. Jr., Rady, P.L., Smith, E.M. (1998) Potential for the effects of anabolic steroid abuse in the immune and neuroendocrine axis. Journal of Neuroimmunol, 83, 162-167 Malarkey, W.B., Strauss, R.H., Leizman, D.J., Liggett, M., Demers, L.M. (1991) Endocrine effects in female weight lifters who self-administer testosterone and anabolic steroids. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 165, 1385-1390 Strauss, R.H., Liggett, M.T., Lanese, R.R. (1985) Anabolic steroids use and perceived effects in ten weight-trained women athletes. JAMA, 253, 2871-2873 Wu, F.C. (1997) Endocrine aspects of anabolic steroids. Clinical Chemistry, 43, 1289-1292

The Haqqani Network: Terrorists or Insurgents

The definition of terrorism is broad and open to interpretation. Hoffman, in his book Inside Terrorism, suggests that terrorism is â€Å"the deliberate creation and exploitation of fear through violence or the threat of violence in the pursuit of political change. † Schwartz, Dunkel, et al, define terrorism in their Studies in Conflict & Terrorism article entitled Terrorism: An Identity Theory Perspective, as â€Å"the deliberate targeting of civilian sites for attacks designed to result in destruction of those sites and/or the injury and death of noncombatant civilians. Together, these two perspectives coupled with identity theory and will serve as the basis for an evaluation of the Haqqani network and their interrelationships and interactions with known terrorist groups such as the Taliban and al-Qa’ida as well as with Pakistan’s military and government intelligence agencies.The Haqqani Network: Who Are They and Why do We Care? The Haqqani network is an Af ghan and Pakistani group of fighters that operates primarily in southeastern Afghanistan as a semi-autonomous component of the Taliban with close ties to Pakistan’s Army and intelligence agencies (Rassler et al. July 14, 2011, p. -2). The Haqqani network’s leadership structure is hierarchical in nature with members of the patriarch’s family filling top leadership roles (Rassler et al. July 14, 2011, p. 7). This familial structure is an important cultural identity marker â€Å"that can serve to promote terrorist activities. † Furthermore, Schwartz, Dunkel, et al address the family as it relates to upholding honor and â€Å"avenging wrongs done to the family. † This is interesting because even those who sympathize and support terrorism, but don’t actually participate in it, often share the same level of social identity based upon their group affiliations.This tends to show how the Haqqani network is able to exert its influence over their colle ague groups without actually having to be in control of them. It appears to be a symbiotic relationship where the Haqqani network clearly benefits from bi-directional credibility of association with the Taliban and al-Qa’ida. Rassler et al support this claim when they discuss the relationship between senior Haqqani network leaders and their close operational relationships with the Taliban and al-Qa’ida, revealing that there is often no distinction.This shared identity-based connection legitimizes the Haqqani network with the segment of the Afghan society that believes in radical Islam and jihad. This was evidenced when the Haqqani network helped â€Å"sustain al-Qa’ida’s relevance and branding as the leader of the global jihadist movement. † All in all, it appears the Haqqani network just wants their proverbial place at the table so to speak. Clearly, it must be working, as current assessments put the strength of the group close to 15,000 fighters. The Haqqani Network: Duplicity at WorkAmerican intelligence and military officials claim the Haqqani network is a â€Å"proxy force used by the Pakistani intelligence service [Pakistan’s Inter-Service Intelligence {ISI} agency] to carry out grisly, high-profile attacks. † The question here is whether this is a relationship of convenience or an alliance due to shared identity. The secret relationship with ISI coupled with links to al-Qa’ida and the Taliban clearly shows the need to solicit support (e. g. , material, financial, spiritual, etc. ) and ultimately rally the masses behind them.Furthermore, â€Å"for decades, [the Haqqani network has been] a mentor to Arab, Uzbek, Chechen, Turkish, and Pakistani jihadists. † These associations speak to the core of shared identity and the interactions among the groups, as according to Schwartz, Dunkel, et al social and cultural identity is formed when members come together based upon common beliefs shared across the group, and individual identity represents personally chosen goals, values, and beliefs coupled with their perspectives of the world around them.The study of terrorism necessitates (according to Schwartz, Dunkel, et al) that we not only understand the effects of identity, but also the interactions among these levels. In addition, we need to look at the importance of the wider community as Schwartz, Dunkel, et al put it, â€Å"Without local, and sometimes international support, those engaged in terrorist attacks would find it substantially more difficult, if not impossible, to conduct their activities. † Working with the Taliban, al-Qa’ida, and Pakistan’s ISI is a duplicitous role that provides â€Å"credibility within, and across, multiple dimensions of jihad† (Rassler et al.July 14, 2011, p. 5) establishing the shared identity necessary to imbue respect and connectivity as part of an influential group dynamic. Why is all this important? The Haqqani ne twork’s credibility in the region, especially with the tribal groups of Afghanistan, helps extend the Taliban’s reach and because the Haqqani network is effective militarily, they act as a force multiplier for the Taliban. This puts the Haqqani network in a regional leadership position, and Schwartz, Dunkel, et al suggest that this leadership role would be considered admirable providing further social capital.The Haqqani Network: Terrorist Threat or Insurgency? So with such a significant fighting force that is radicalized, is the Haqqani network a terrorist organization pitted against Western ideology, or is it simply an insurgency focused on eradicating outsiders who have forced their way into the Afghani homeland? According to the Office of the Coordinator for Counterterrorism of the Department of State as of September 15, 2011, the Haqqani network is not listed as a foreign terrorist organization. Despite this, according to the Jamestown Foundation Terrorism Monitor , â€Å"The U.S. military has long been frustrated by deadly operations carried out against its troops in Afghanistan by Haqqani Network forces. † They quote U. S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta as saying, â€Å"We cannot have the Haqqanis coming across the border attacking our forces and [Afghans] and disappearing back into a safe haven [in Pakistan]. † In between the rhetoric, the real reason they aren’t on the terrorist list is because there is a belief that, â€Å"such a move would scuttle any chances that the group might make peace with Afghanistan’s government. To make our decision, it is essential that we not lose sight of the need to fairly evaluate this group from the point of view of that group and not from the â€Å"Westernized† framework we can easily apply to it. Brannan, Esler, and Strindberg, point out that, â€Å"Scholars’ insistence that ‘terrorists’ are somehow ‘not like us’ but, instead, abnorma l—insane, power hungry, or a combination of both—is a classic exercise in out-group stereotyping†¦which undermines the analytical utility of the interpretations in use. Applying this to the Haqqani network and to prevent us from being constrained by our (Western) cultural boundaries, it is incumbent upon us to look at the Haqqani network from their vantage point. The clearest and most-recent message came in September of 2011 when Sirajuddin Haqqani (the son of the group’s patriarch, Jalaluddin Haqqani) told The Telegraph in the United Kingdom via a telephone interview, â€Å"There are sincere people in the Afghan government who are loyal to the Taliban as they know our goal is the liberation of our homeland from the clutches of occupying forces. With this, their actions, and their relationships, it is apparent that the Haqqani network is interested more in the local issues and having local influence than it is in trying to wage a global jihad against the W est. A such, their lack of inclusion from the list of terrorist organizations is still valid. Bibliography Brannan, David W. , Esler, Philip F. , and Strindberg, N. T. Anders. 2001. â€Å"Talking to â€Å"Terrorists†: Towards an Independent Analytical Framework for the Study of Violent Substate Activism. † Studies In Conflict & Terrorism 24, no. 1: 3-24. Goodspeed, Peter. National Post, â€Å"About the Haqqani network. Last modified September 30, 2011. Accessed November 24, 2011. http://news. nationalpost. com/2011/09/30/about-the-haqqani-network Griffin, Emory. A First Look at Communication Theory. New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, 1997. Hoffman, Bruce. Inside Terrorism. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006. Mazzetti, Mark, Scott Shane, and Alissa Rubin. New York Times, â€Å"Brutal Haqqani Crime Clan Bedevils U. S. in Afghanistan. † Last modified September 24, 2011. Accessed November 23, 2011. http://www. nytimes. com/2011/09/25/world/asia/brutal- haqqani-clan-bedevils-united-states-in-afghanistan. html? pagewanted=all.Rassler, Don, and Vahid Brown. The Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, â€Å"The Haqqani Nexus and the Evolution of al-Qa'ida. † Last modified July 14, 2011. Accessed November 11, 2011. www. ctc. usma. edu. Shahzad, Faizul. â€Å"Taliban Reject American Perceptions of the Haqqani-ISI Relationship. † Terrorism Monitor. 9. no. 37 (2011): 1-2. http://www. jamestown. org/uploads/media/TM_009_Issue37. pdf (accessed November 10, 2011). Schwartz, S. J. , Dunkel, C. S. , & Waterman, A. S. (2009). Terrorism: An Identity Theory Perspective. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 32(6), 540. Websites Referenced http://www. cfr. org http://www. tc. usma. edu http://www. dawn. com http://www. foreignaffairs. com http://www. jamestown. org http://news. nationalpost. com http://www. nytimes. com/ http://www. state. gov http://www. telegraph. co. uk http://www. thedailybeast. com http://tribune. com. pk h ttp://www. understandingwar. org/themenode/haqqani-network ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Hoffman, B. (2006). Inside Terrorism (2nd ed. ). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. p. 40. [ 2 ]. Schwartz, S. J. , Dunkel, C. S. , & Waterman, A. S. (2009). Terrorism: An Identity Theory Perspective. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 32(6), 537-559. 3 ]. Ibid (p. 540)—Identity theory for our purposes will cover cultural identity, social identity, and personal identity. [ 4 ]. Rassler, Don, and Vahid Brown. The Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, â€Å"The Haqqani Nexus and the Evolution of al-Qa'ida. † Last modified July 14, 2011. Accessed November 12, 2011, www. ctc. usma. edu. [ 5 ]. The Haqqani network’s patriarch and leader is Jalaluddin Haqqani, although it is reported that he may be in ill health, and his son, Sirajuddin Haqqani, is running the day-to-day opera tions. http://www. cfr. org/afghanistan/institute-study-war-haqqani-network/p26126 [ 6 ].Schwartz, S. J. , Dunkel, C. S. , & Waterman, A. S. (2009). Terrorism: An Identity Theory Perspective. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 32(6), 542. [ 7 ]. Ibid. [ 8 ]. Ibid (p. 548) [ 9 ]. Much like the traditional phrase, â€Å"guilt by association,† I suggest there could be credibility by association. It is concept that is often discussed in marketing whereby a person, product, or company gains credibility by associating itself with a larger more recognized person, product, or company (e. g. , a computer with the â€Å"Intel Inside† sticker on it). [ 10 ]. Rassler, Don, and Vahid Brown.The Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, â€Å"The Haqqani Nexus and the Evolution of al-Qa'ida. † Last modified July 14, 2011. Accessed November 12, 2011, www. ctc. usma. edu. (p. 40) [ 11 ]. Ibid (p. 43). [ 12 ]. http://tribune. com. pk/story/259314/sirajuddin-haqqani-dares-us-to-atta ck-n-waziristan/ [ 13 ]. Mazzetti, Mark, Scott Shane, and Alissa Rubin. New York Times, â€Å"Brutal Haqqani Crime Clan Bedevils U. S. in Afghanistan. † Last modified September 24, 2011. Accessed November 23, 2011. http://www. nytimes. com/2011/09/25/world/asia/brutal-haqqani-clan-bedevils-united-states-in-afghanistan. html? pagewanted=all. [ 14 ].Hoffman, B. (2006). Inside Terrorism (2nd ed. ). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. p. 199. [ 15 ]. Goodspeed, Peter. National Post, â€Å"About the Haqqani network. † Last modified September 30, 2011. Accessed November 24, 2011. http://news. nationalpost. com/2011/09/30/about-the-haqqani-network [ 16 ]. Schwartz, S. J. , Dunkel, C. S. , & Waterman, A. S. (2009). Terrorism: An Identity Theory Perspective. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 32(6), 540. [ 17 ]. Ibid. [ 18 ]. Ibid (p. 548) [ 19 ]. Rassler, Don, and Vahid Brown. The Combating Terrorism Center at West Point, â€Å"The Haqqani Nexus and the Evolution of al-Qa' ida. Last modified July 14, 2011. Accessed November 12, 2011, www. ctc. usma. edu. (p. 13) [ 20 ]. Schwartz, S. J. , Dunkel, C. S. , & Waterman, A. S. (2009). Terrorism: An Identity Theory Perspective. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 32(6), 550. [ 21 ]. The current list of Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations contains 49 entries, but the Haqqani Network is not one of them. http://www. state. gov/s/ct/rls/other/des/123085. htm [ 22 ]. Faizul Shahzad, â€Å"Taliban Reject American Perceptions of the Haqqani-ISI Relationship,† Terrorism Monitor, 9, no. 37 (2011): 1-2, http://www. jamestown. org/uploads/media/TM_009_Issue37. pdf (accessed November

Is Government Responsible for the Disadvantaged? Essay

In My Opinion The Government IS Responsible For The Disadvantaged. The Government Should Be Held Responsible For The Poverty Level In This Country Because They Are The One’s Allowing It To Be At The Level That It’s At Right Now. If They Truly Were Concerned About The American People They Would Do More About It. Yes We Have Medicare To â€Å"Guarantee† That The Elderly Who Can Not Get Affordable Insurance, Since They Are The Sickest Group, Have Access To Basic Medical Care. We Also Have Medicaid To Cover The Medical Cost Of Those Too Poor To Buy Insurance Or Pay For Needed Care. Aka A Government- Controlled- General Health- Insurance Scheme. Although We Have These Programs Available For Some If The Government Wasn’t So Greedy And Selfish The Programs Would Be Available For All In Need Not Just Those The Government Sees Fit. Instead Of Helping Foreign Countries By Supplying Them With Food, Water, And Shelter, The American Government Should Start At Home Here In America! There Are So Many Families, Men, Woman, And Children Who Go Hungry In This Country Every Day. Some Don’t Have Shelter During The Best And The Worst Of The Four Seasons: Winter, Spring, Summer, And Fall. Others Don’t Have Running Water To Bath In Let Alone Drink. The Help Needs To Start At Home Before Extending A â€Å"Helping Hand† To Other Countries. The Government Is Allowing The Poor To Be Poorer And The Rich To Get Richer. They Are The Ones Who Should Be Responsible To Fix The Problem Of This Countries Economic Situation. The Government Should Provide For The Disadvantaged People In This Country Because They Are The Ones To Blame For Their Disadvantages. â€Å"When A Man Tells You He Got Rich Through Hard Work, Ask Him: Whose? †- Don Marquis. The More Status/Power Men Have Over Other Men The Better For The Men In Power. People In Power Make False Promises And Tell Lies To The Less Fortunate So That They Can Remain In Power. The Government Should Provide More Job Opportunities, Among Other Things, For The American People. This Country Needs Help From Its Government But The Government Doesn’t Seem Very Willing To Help. The American Economy Is Heading Downhill And Has Been For Quite Sometime. They And They Alone Should Be Held Accountable For The Debt Of This Country, The Poverty, The Economy, The War(s), The Taxes, Etc. The Government Owes It To The American People To Fix The Problems That Have Occurred During The Past And The Present To Insure A Better Future For All.

An Explanation Of The Swot Analysis Tourism Essays

An Explanation Of The Swot Analysis Tourism Essays An Explanation Of The Swot Analysis Tourism Essay An Explanation Of The Swot Analysis Tourism Essay chances and menaces from the province of the environment, the strength and failing of the edifice. At the intersection of 22 have four Fieldss ( square ) . Table 1. The internal environment of the company Strength ( S ) External environment of the company Opportunities ( O ) Menaces ( T ) 1 the field of SO 2 the ST field Rated capacity Failings ( W ) 4 the field of WO 3 the field WT Field of ( SO ) are fixed by the strengths of those concerns which Provide his usage of this chance. 2 ) Field ( ST ) are fixed by those failings in edifice concerns that do non give opportunity to utilize the chance. 3 ) Field ( WT ) ( the ability of the menace ) is the worst province for concern. 4 ) Field ( WO ) ( failing if possible ) is necessary to find the feasibleness of chances for capacity development scheme of the endeavor. See the mechanism of the diagnostic analysis of the advanced environment on the method of SWOT-analysis for the design and execution of advanced undertaking  « Amusement Park » . SWOT-Analysis Table compiled by writer Table 2 SWOT-analysis of the advanced environment  «Amusement Park » the basic parametric quantities for the diagnosing, they are united on the footing of submitted concern program and analysis of cardinal countries of rating of investing attraction in footings of its development. Table 2. Basic parametric quantities for diagnostic analysis. Second An attractive location of the endeavor ; The possibility of making the stuff base and substructure of the endeavor ; Stability of dealingss with investors ; Experience the leader in the field of diversion ; The inclusion of an advanced undertaking in a strategic plan of urban development. Tungsten Danger of an uncomplete accounting of hazards in the readying of the undertaking ; No experience of possible staff in the amusement rides ; Danger of misdemeanor of proficient criterions during the munition works and operation of the installation ; No public act for the right to the land ownership. Oxygen Recognition of Estonia in the Baltic part ; Favorable climatic conditions ; No concurrent in this type of market ; The usage of events for 4 seasons ; The usage of the agreements for the advertisement company. Thymine Competition from other companies resort parts ; Ill developed construction of the part ; No analysis of inauspicious natural factors ; High barriers to entry in the touristry industry. 3. Analysis Fieldss 3.1. Analyze the 1 field ( SO ) Fix the strengths of the invention undertaking, which provided him represented installations. An advanced undertaking is portion of the socio-economic development plan in the metropolis of Aegvidu. Execution of the undertaking provides a strategic model for the formation of the unity of the tourer industry. In societal footings, it addresses issues of unemployment in the metropolis, doing a important part to make fulling the local budget. Contentss of the chief cultural sites of the undertaking are aimed at advancing a healthy life style, this contributes to the organic combination of an attractive natural landscape with new architecture and the system of care. The undertaking creates existent conditions of local authorities development in the part. In this respect, an advanced undertaking receives the full support of the local authorization becomes of import political significance in the public head non merely the occupants of Estonia and the Baltic States. The execution of an advanced undertaking in the country of precedence development, based on the proviso of certain benefits for investors in revenue enhancement creates good conditions for the profitableness of the undertaking throughout the period. In general, this index with a little one-year lessening suggests the stable operation of the endeavor. Scope of services provided under an advanced undertaking as a whole is new to the local touristry market. It can be divided into those services that are included in the ticket: the swimming pool, H2O slides and other H2O athleticss attractive forces mini menagerie, exhibitions of animate beings and workss, and to boot provides for a fee Jacuzzi, sweat room, showers, supplying parking infinites for vehicles for sale assorted keepsakes, etc. Given the newness of services and their attraction in footings of environmental pureness acceptable conditional belongingss, planned selling activities can supply a stable fiscal status of the endeavor. 3.2. Analyze the 2nd field ST Fix those failings of possible concerns that do non give a opportunity to utilize the chance. The petroleum certain facets of internal invention environment in the readying and execution of advanced undertaking threatens to cut down the effectivity of public presentation indexs. First of wholly, it concerns the pricing of services for the undertaking. When the alleged targeting of services to consumers from the close abroad. The 2nd job, which should pay serious attending it s accounting capacity indexs of accomplished demand for tourer services in the part, with increasing possible and systemic capacity of a lessening in comprehensiveness. By cut downing the specific fiscal and economic indexs this can significantly impact the formation of tourer flows and to obtain the possible net income from an advanced undertaking. No less serious job that affects the efficiency and profitableness of the advanced undertaking is the rate-limiting function of natural factors. Seasonal nature of work is basically reflected in the monetary value system. Pronounced seasonal nature of work significantly reduces the public presentation of the possible market size and natural volume of existent downloads. 3.3 Analyze the 3rd field of the WT Record the most important jobs which may impact the feasibleness of an advanced undertaking. The chief job in an advanced undertaking are inauspicious natural factors which are non taken into history when developing a concern program. Travel company is located in a zone prone to natural facts and carry on geological research in the location of it there is non water-repellent dirts, which involves the accretion of groundwater in the cavity. Furthermore, it is an endeavor is located in the flood plain of the river, exposed to debris and ramp flows. When ciphering the costs of the same company for the continuance of the undertaking, the costs associated with the behavior of serious munition works on the development shower lights-outs to extinguish natural catastrophes are non planned. A 2nd every bit serious job is that the computation of tourer flows in the invention undertaking, the accent is on tourists populating in the constitution of a tourer composite of Aegvidu. Contractual footings on which will organize a uninterrupted burden of the endeavor, suggest a joint involvement in advanced concerns and spouses, watering place and hotel composites. In this instance, a big per centum of recreational services will be provided to consumers in neighbouring states. In the selling scheme of the company wholly considered that the system of tourer and diversion composites, which target bing concerns supplying a scope of services for consumers, is similar to those for H2O Parkss and can significantly impact the formation of its tourer flows enterprise as a whole. The 3rd status, which is non taken into history when preparing and implementing the advanced undertaking is the competition from companies that are focused on supplying similar services to the mark section of the local market. The state already have similar undertakings but individually supplying the same scope of services, but modernized in the visible radiation of experience. Such a state of affairs may significantly impact the translational capacity and the existent burden of the composite, which significantly can impact the feasibleness of an advanced undertaking. 3.4. Analyze the field of WO Determine the utility of chances to happen a scheme for capacity development of advanced endeavors. An earlier analysis of the market and the market state of affairs shows the followers: Analyzed touristry market is characterized by comparatively high capacity. In the market there are a big figure of topics, offering tourer and recreational services, which can move as a base for client H2O Parkss, supplying diversion athleticss diversion leisure. On the other manus the cost of amusement, as an extra service, takes a value resort, merely 30 % when averaged in a foreign market 70 % . This creates requirements for the creative activity of new types of services water-entertainment. To guarantee the proper operation and proviso of a broad scope of competitory services should be multi-level cleavage of the market that focuses non merely on tourist s tourer composite of the state, every bit good as local occupants. Drumhead by SWOT tabular array In general, it should be noted that the advanced undertaking involves the orientation of future developments, so confidently predict the result of their execution is debatable and merely possible taking into history all factors, emerging under the influence of internal and external conditions, state of affairss and standards for the development concerns. To guarantee a focussed direction of advanced undertakings for endeavor development is really of import to right cipher the debut of external costs, which tend to hold a important impact on the rating of profitableness and efficiency of the invention undertaking. Calculation of its efficiency lies in the quantification of the ensuing fiscal public presentation by comparing the gross with the costs related to the design and execution of fiscal theoretical accounts anticipated events, performance-based hard currency flows of the undertaking. Calculation of the efficiency of the undertaking should be undertaken with respect to its execution based on the effects of rising prices and the hazards associated with possible decrease in present value derived from future income. Effective mechanism for bettering the efficiency realized in pattern invention undertaking is its multi-stage public scrutiny of the upper degrees of authorities to ordinary citizens. This applies chiefly for assorted sociological monitoring, pointing occupants to the purposes and aims of the undertaking is implemented, its societal significance for the metropolis, unit of ammunition tabular arraies, forming the public response to account for and determine public sentiment. The precedence activities for the topics of entrepreneurial activity were identified undertakings bing non less than: 50 thousand EUR in conserving the natural heritage of historical, street cleansing and waste intervention. 700 thousand EUR hotels and other topographic points for short-run adjustment, the activities of healthful and resort organisations, waste intervention, building, and urban route conveyance, Cargo handling and storage, the operation of conveyance substructure ; 1,5 million EUR the production of electric power workss of other types of energy distribution, aggregation, purification and distribution of H2O. Ongoing undertakings in this act non merely as a resource for development of the district, but besides a alone tool for pull offing invention on the footing of reciprocally interconnected and collaborative activities of its topics. Furthermore, the rule of joint activities of local authorities, concern and community Acts of the Apostless as a cardinal rule of direction patterns, forming invention activities in a certain country. General decisions on the subject. Number of strengths of the undertaking exceeds the figure of weak, besides has the advantage of chances over menaces, so you can pull a general decision about the chances of the undertaking. The undertaking s strengths and market chances are associated chiefly with the vision of the undertakings and market preparedness to follow the bill of exchange. Future scheme for advancing the undertaking involves carry oning a wide advertisement run. This sector of the market develops in a uninterrupted addition in the figure of objects suburban existent estate and high competition between them, but chiefly for the consumer is critical location and the comfort degree proposals. Execution of this undertaking is designed to run into the market demands for quality and accessible countryside diversion. The visual aspect of the object of such a degree and graduated table will put new quality criterions for the development of the industry and the whole of Europe, which will convey the market town remainder on the quality of the proposals of the taking European markets Sweden and Finland. Execution of this undertaking will show a qualitative addition in consumer demand and the ability of market participants to run into their suited. Development of recreational resources within the state will function as a redistribution of tourers from abroad to domestic proposals, which indicates a high fight of this section of the economic system. The undertaking is economically sound and executable, provided stable support. Prerequisites for the execution at this clip are on the market as the handiness of equal edifice engineerings and substructure in the part. A requirement for the decision of this undertaking to the market besides has, harmonizing to a survey. Attracting a spouse that can supply stable support for the undertaking, will in due clip to establish this undertaking.